Figure 3
From: Anticipating complex network vulnerabilities through abstraction-based analysis
Sample simulation results for 20-bus EP grid model. Plot at the top is from the model validation study and shows the evolution of voltages at all 20 buses; these voltage time series are in good agreement with those observed in the corresponding cascading voltage collapse for the actual grid. Plot at bottom depicts voltage timec series which result from applying the vulnerability exploitation procedure designed using the proposed finite state abstraction methodology.